Evidence Randomized Trials ~ Children and adolescents from CWS leaving a state psychiatric hospital~ Boys from juvenile justice for chronic delinquency~ Girls from juvenile justice with severe mental health problems and abuse histories (2)~ Child welfare “challenging” children~ Child welfare children receiving a next placement~ 6thgrade girls in foster care~ Young children in foster care Boys Follow Up Outcomes Safety ½ the number of arrests (and significantly lower violence rates) 2/3 fewer days incarcerated Significantly less hard drug use Permanency Significantly more time living with family Fewer runaways Less time with antisocial friends on the street Well-being Higher rates of school attendance and homework completion Higher ratings of life satisfaction Girls Follow Up Outcomes Delinquency (arrests, days in locked settings)1 Deviant Peer Association2 School Attendance & Homework Time3 Pregnancy4 Depressive Symptoms5 Psychotic Symptoms6 Girls Long Term Outcomes Compared to GC Decreased criminal offenses Decreased severity of offenses committed Decreased unintended pregnancies Decreased depressive symptoms Decreased suicidal ideation Partner choice is related to long term substance use outcomes for THC and hard drugs Decreased involvement in Child Welfare system as parent